AP Chemistry Learning Objectives
Enduring understanding 2.A: Matter can be described by its physical properties. The physical properties of a substance generally depend on the spacing between the particles (atoms, molecules, ions) that make up the substance and the forces of attraction among them.
essential knowledge 2.A.2: the gaseous state can be effectively modeled with a mathematical equation relating various macroscopic properties. A gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape; because the effects of attractive forces are minimal, we usually assume that the particles move independently.
LO2.4 The student is able to use KMT and concepts of intermolecular forces to make predictions about the macroscopic properties of gases, including both ideal and nonideal behaviors. [See SP1.4, 6.4]
LO2.5 The student is able to refine multiple representations of a sample of matter in the gas phase to accurately represent the effect of changes in macroscopic properties on the sample. [See SP1.3, 6.4, 7.2]
LO2.6 The student can apply mathematical relationships or estimation to determine macroscopic variables for ideal gases. [See SP2.2, 2.3]
essential knowledge 6.B.1: systems at equilibrium respond to disturbances by partially countering the effect of the disturbance (LeChatelier’s principle).
a. LeChatelier’s principle can be used to predict the response of a system to the following stresses: addition or removal of a chemical species, change in temperature, change in volume/pressure of a gas phase system, and dilution of a reaction system with water or other solvent.
b. LeChatelier’s principle can be used to reason about the effects a stress will have on experimentally measurable properties, such as pH, temperature, and color of a solution.
LO6.8 The student is able to use LeChatelier’s principle to predict the direction of the shift resulting from various possible stresses on a system at chemical equilibrium. [See SP1.4, 6.4]
LO6.9 The student is able to use LeChatelier’s principle to design a set of conditions that will optimize a desired outcome, such as product yield.
[See SP4.2]
essential knowledge 2.A.2: the gaseous state can be effectively modeled with a mathematical equation relating various macroscopic properties. A gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape; because the effects of attractive forces are minimal, we usually assume that the particles move independently.
LO2.4 The student is able to use KMT and concepts of intermolecular forces to make predictions about the macroscopic properties of gases, including both ideal and nonideal behaviors. [See SP1.4, 6.4]
LO2.5 The student is able to refine multiple representations of a sample of matter in the gas phase to accurately represent the effect of changes in macroscopic properties on the sample. [See SP1.3, 6.4, 7.2]
LO2.6 The student can apply mathematical relationships or estimation to determine macroscopic variables for ideal gases. [See SP2.2, 2.3]
essential knowledge 6.B.1: systems at equilibrium respond to disturbances by partially countering the effect of the disturbance (LeChatelier’s principle).
a. LeChatelier’s principle can be used to predict the response of a system to the following stresses: addition or removal of a chemical species, change in temperature, change in volume/pressure of a gas phase system, and dilution of a reaction system with water or other solvent.
b. LeChatelier’s principle can be used to reason about the effects a stress will have on experimentally measurable properties, such as pH, temperature, and color of a solution.
LO6.8 The student is able to use LeChatelier’s principle to predict the direction of the shift resulting from various possible stresses on a system at chemical equilibrium. [See SP1.4, 6.4]
LO6.9 The student is able to use LeChatelier’s principle to design a set of conditions that will optimize a desired outcome, such as product yield.
[See SP4.2]